Hypertension also called high blood pressure, is blood pressure that is higher than usual. Blood pressure is the pressure of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. That pressure is measured when your heart beats (systolic) and rests between beats (diastolic). As a result, your blood pressure is represented in two numbers, written as 120/80 mmHg. Blood pressure usually rises and falls throughout the day, but it can damage your heart and cause health problems if it stays high for a sustained time.

There are two main types of high blood pressure: primary and secondary high blood pressure.

• Primary, or essential, high blood pressure is the most common type of high blood pressure. This form of high blood pressure typically develops as people age.

• Secondary high blood pressure is caused by other medical conditions such as sleep apnea, kidney disease, diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, or certain medicines. It can improve after treating that condition or stop taking the medication causing it.

Hypertension is often referred to as the “silent killer” because high blood pressure doesn't cause symptoms in its early stages; when left untreated, it can cause:

• Headaches

• Dizziness

• Blurry vision

• Shortness of breath

However, it is possible not to know that you have high blood pressure until you have a heart attack or stroke. 

Your genetics contribute to your risk of developing high blood pressure. Your chances of high blood pressure increase with:

• Aging 

• Obesity

• Sedentary lifestyle

• High fat, salt, and sugar diet

• Smoking and tobacco use

• Excessive alcohol consumption

• Stress

When your blood pressure stays high over time, it causes the heart to pump harder and work overtime, possibly leading to serious health problems such as heart failure, kidney disease, stroke, erectile dysfunction, and so much more.

Your treatment plan is customized to address your specific needs. For example, if your blood pressure is only slightly elevated, you may be able to reduce it with changes to your diet and exercise habits. The team at Reform ABQ provides advice, meal plans, and information on adding exercise to your daily routine. However, if diet and exercise changes don't reduce your blood pressure, your healthcare provider can prescribe medications such as diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers.